I never say never. It is possible that at wide open throttle, things that large and light could get sucked into the intake manifold. Broken wires might even make it into a cylinder where they would be immediately incinerated. The larger plastic would be stopped by the small opening of the intake valves.

Why do you think the sensor was ingested? Could it not just be knocked off and laying on the ground somewhere?

The missing IAT and subsequent hole would not cause a no start. Allowing a lot of unmetered air into the system would initially cause a lean condition, followed by an ECU over correction and a rich condition. This will slowly coat the spark plugs with fuel and eventually cause the engine to stall due to covered spark plug electrodes. Also not good for the cat converter.
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My back feels better when I sit in a Volvo seat