I've always been skeptical of minor mileage variations, but here are some possible explanations:
--During warm weather, your car warms up quickly and burns a leaner mixture a greater percent of it's running time, than in -10 weather.
--During -10 weather, air is denser, requiring more fuel to reach a proper mixture.
--During -10 weather, you go out and start the car and let it idle for 15 minutes before driving-off in the morning.
--During -10 weather, when you go to fill up your car, and the nozzle clicks off, it's too cold to stand out there and add a little bit more. During warm weather, maybe you add 'till the second, or third click, but not at -10.
--The thicker oil in your engine, transmission and differential increases the internal resistance of you drivetrain.
--Your tires have less traction going through snow and ice, so for every 20 rotations of your tire during the summer, you are doing 21 rotations at -10.
--Your car is heavier and less aerodynamic with all that snow, salt and ice on it.
--You front brake calipers are probably dragging a little more than in warm weather 'cause they rely on the flxibility of the caliper piston seal to retract the piston when you let off the brakes. And at -10, that flexibility is attentuated.
I think you add all these things up and you get 2, or 3, less miles per gallon.
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